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Daniel Bernoulli FRS (; ;〔Mangold, Max (1990) ''Duden — Das Aussprachewörterbuch''. 3. Auflage. Mannheim/Wien/Zürich, Dudenverlag.〕 8 February 1700 – 17 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. His name is commemorated in the Bernoulli principle, a particular example of the conservation of energy, which describes the mathematics of the mechanism underlying the operation of two important technologies of the 20th century: the carburetor and the airplane wing. ==Early life== Daniel Bernoulli was born in Groningen, in the Netherlands, into a family of distinguished mathematicians.〔Rothbard, Murray. (Daniel Bernoulli and the Founding of Mathematical Economics ), ''Mises Institute'' (excerpted from ''An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought'')〕 The Bernoulli family came originally from Antwerp, at that time in the Spanish Netherlands, but emigrated to escape the Spanish persecution of the Huguenots. After a brief period in Frankfurt the family moved to Basel, in Switzerland. Daniel was the son of Johann Bernoulli (one of the "early developers" of calculus),〔 nephew of Jacob Bernoulli (who "was the first to discover the theory of probability").〔 He had two brothers, Niklaus and Johann II. Daniel Bernoulli was described by W. W. Rouse Ball as "by far the ablest of the younger Bernoullis". He is said to have had a bad relationship with his father. Upon both of them entering and tying for first place in a scientific contest at the University of Paris, Johann, unable to bear the "shame" of being compared as Daniel's equal, banned Daniel from his house. Johann Bernoulli also plagiarized some key ideas from Daniel's book ''Hydrodynamica'' in his own book ''Hydraulica'' which he backdated to before ''Hydrodynamica''. Despite Daniel's attempts at reconciliation, his father carried the grudge until his death.〔 (1998)〕 Around schooling age, his father, Johann, encouraged him to study business, there being poor rewards awaiting a mathematician. However, Daniel refused, because he wanted to study mathematics. He later gave in to his father's wish and studied business. His father then asked him to study in medicine, and Daniel agreed under the condition that his father would teach him mathematics privately, which they continued for some time.〔 Daniel studied medicine in Basel, Heidelberg, and Strasbourg, and earned a PhD in anatomy and botany in 1721. He was a contemporary and close friend of Leonhard Euler. He went to St. Petersburg in 1724 as professor of mathematics, but was very unhappy there, and a temporary illness in 1733 gave him an excuse for leaving St. Petersberg.〔 He returned to the University of Basel, where he successively held the chairs of medicine, metaphysics, and natural philosophy until his death.〔 In May, 1750 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Library and Archive Catalogue )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daniel Bernoulli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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